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:''For the soul singer, see Johnny Daye'' John Day (or Daye) (c. 1522〔Evenden. The birthdate is calculated from a 1562 woodcut of Day that proclaims his age to be 40 ("Life is death and death is life: ætatis suæ XXXX").〕 – 23 July 1584) was an English Protestant printer. He specialised in printing and distributing Protestant literature and pamphlets, and produced many small-format religious books, such as ABCs, sermons, and translations of psalms. He found fame, however, as the publisher of John Foxe's ''Actes and Monuments'', also known as the ''Book of Martyrs'', the largest and most technologically accomplished book printed in sixteenth-century England.〔King, ''Book of Martyrs'', 81.〕 Day rose to the top of his profession during the reign of Edward VI (1547–1553). At this time, restrictions on publishers were relaxed, and a wave of propaganda on behalf of the English Reformation was encouraged by the government of the Lord Protector, Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset. During the reign of the Catholic Queen Mary I, many Protestant printers fled to the continent, but Day stayed in England and continued to print Protestant literature. In 1554, he was arrested and imprisoned, presumably for these illicit printing activities.〔King, ''Book of Martyrs'', 82.〕 Under Queen Elizabeth I, Day returned to his premises at Aldersgate in London, where he enjoyed the patronage of high-ranking officials and nobles, including William Cecil, Robert Dudley, and Matthew Parker. With their support, he published the ''Book of Martyrs'' and was awarded monopolies for some of the most popular English books, such as ''The ABC with Little Catechism'' and ''The Whole Booke of Psalmes''.〔King, ''Book of Martyrs'', 83.〕 Day, whose technical skill matched his business acumen, has been called "the master printer of the English Reformation".〔King, ''Book of Martyrs'', 80.〕 ==Early career== Day's origins and the events of his early life remain obscure. Scholars have assumed that Day was born and raised in Dunwich, but there is no direct evidence that proves this claim.〔Evenden. Day owned a house in Dunwich. Other scholars suggest that Day may have been foreign-born, but the evidence supporting this claim is inconclusive as well.〕 He may have been in London by 1540, as his name is mentioned in a city deposition as being a former servant of the printer and physician Thomas Raynalde. In 1546, he was probably one of twenty men who were granted the freedom of the city by redemption to work for the Stringers' Company of London.〔Pettegree.〕 The next year, he began printing with a partner, William Seres; the two based their operations at the parish of St Sepulchre in London.〔Alford, 118.〕 Day and Seres specialised in religious works, such as those by Robert Crowley, which were largely related to theological controversies of the time.〔King, ''Book trade'', 167.〕 The Protestant Reformation was advancing rapidly, and the laws against the publication of heretical works were being relaxed. In 1548, ten of the twenty works that the two men published were devoted to criticizing the Catholic belief of transubstantiation.〔 One of those publications, a satirical poem by Luke Shepherd titled ''Iohn Bon and Mast Person'', almost landed Day in jail.〔Evenden. An evangelical Yeoman of the Guard named Edward Underhill prevented Day's arrest.〕 Day and Seres also translated important works of Continental Protestantism for the English market, notably Herman von Wied's ''A Simple and Religious Consultation'' in 1547.〔Evenden.〕 In 1549, Day opened a new shop in Cheapside, and the next year, he and Seres were successful enough to amicably separate their businesses.〔Alford, 118–19.〕 Day set up his new home and printing establishment at Aldersgate in the parish of St Anne and St Agnes and transferred from the Stringers' to the Stationers' Company. Day found Aldersgate's foreigner-friendly attributes helpful in attracting skilled Dutch workers, whom he relied on throughout his career.〔 He soon established himself as a quality printer, and in 1551, he reprinted an elaborate edition of the Bible that he had previously produced with Seres.〔Alford, 119.〕 The next year, he secured a valuable patent to print the works of John Ponet and Thomas Beccon. This enraged one of his competitors, Reginald Wolfe, who already held a patent to print Ponet's Catechism in Latin. Eventually, a compromise patent was issued which allowed Wolfe to continue printing the Catechism in Latin and Day to print the work in English.〔 Day reaped more benefits from the deal than Wolfe: the English printings were used far more extensively than the Latin ones, and the ''ABC'' was eventually appended with Ponet's Catechism.〔 With a reputation for Protestant godliness and connections to people like John Dudley, William Cecil, and Catherine Willoughby, a successful career seemed assured for Day. Unfortunately for Day, Queen Mary ascended the throne in 1553 and the entire religious climate of the country changed. For years, it was thought that at the accession of Mary, Day fled to the Continent to avoid persecution. However, typographical and other evidence has convinced scholars that Day set up a clandestine press in premises connected to William Cecil in Lincolnshire,〔Foxe reported that Sir William Cooke "was committed to vile prison for that he suffered this our printer to print" a prohibited book. Cooke was the brother-in-law of William Cecil, who supported a secret press that Day operated at Stamford, Lincolnshire. King, ''Book of Martyrs'', 82.〕 and that he continued to print Protestant polemical works under the pseudonym Michael Wood.〔〔Fairfield, 221.〕 The "Michael Wood" pamphlets included Protestant writings by Lady Jane Grey, John Hooper, and Stephen Gardiner, and attacks on Mary and her advisors.〔King, ''Book trade'', 172.〕 On 16 October 1554, according to the diary of Henry Machyn, Day was caught and sent to the Tower of London for printing "naughty books".〔Machyn writes in that day's entry: "The xvj day of October cam rydyng owt of Northfoke on John Day prynter and ys servand, and a prest, and an-odur prynter, for pryntyng of noythy bokes, to the Towre." King, ''Book of Martyrs'', 82.〕 In the ''Book of Martyrs'', Foxe records statements made in prison to Day by the future martyr John Rogers, "spake being then in prison, to the Printer of this present booke, who then also was layd up for lyke cause of religion".〔Rogers was executed in February 1555. King, ''Book of Martyrs'', 82.〕 Perhaps because the flight of foreign Protestant workers under Mary was causing a shortage of printers, Day was released the next year and allowed to work again, but only as a jobbing printer.〔Evenden and Roberts.〕 He reunited with Seres (also recently released from prison) to produce works of Catholicism for Catholic printer John Wayland, a far cry from the Protestant polemics he printed prior to imprisonment.〔King, ''Book of Martyrs'', 173.〕 He also served as the official printer of the City of London for two years.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Day (printer)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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